All the resources used to write your introduction should have a logical application for the construction of your arguments. Do not put elements just to complete the number of lines, much less to try to catch the attention of the broker. Think of your text as a series of blocks that need to be precisely and orderly.
His thesis is not only a reproduction of the theme, but his critical view of it. Here comes the whole repertoire formed during his life: the texts he read, the films he attended and the teachers’ classes at school, for example. In addition, you will rely on your world views, your values and also your personality. That is why it is crucial that you are constantly reading news, accessing different points of view, consuming cultural content and learning about what is happening in the world.
Development
The development will be the part of the text in which the student will provide information and arguments that serve to prove the point of view presented in the thesis. For the construction of the argument, there are a number of textual resources that can be used, such as:
Deductive method
It is a style of argumentation that consists in the proposition of a true and collectively accepted premise, as for example:
Every human being has the right to life.
In the following sentence you propose a question, such as:
However, the limits between defending one’s life over others are very tenuous and need deep analysis.
In the following periods you can present arguments and other information that take the reader to his main argument.
Inductive method
It consists of presenting information and data in order to convince the reader to adopt a thought close to the writing. See example:
According to the survey, ** 70% of young people said they lost interest in watching television. In addition, ** 75% said they prefer to report online. Thus, it is possible to see a growing diminution of the influence of the TV on the young people and a great increase of the power of the Internet on this population.
** Fictitious data.
Topic
It is the phrase that indicates what will be said in the paragraph. Thus, it is possible to present to the reader the theme that he will find in this part of the text. The following phrases will come to develop the thinking proposed in the topic phrasal.
It is important to put together a structure in which each paragraph deals with only one argument, thus avoiding confusion and losing textual cohesion in the midst of several parallel ideas.
Historical references
To reinforce your arguments, you can use a historical resumption that will justify actions practiced in the present. Thus, it is possible to offer a deep analysis that looks for the roots of the problem situation, demonstrating how it has been treated over time.
Data analysis
Use statistical data, graphs, tables, numbers, surveys and any other information that contributes to the development of your thesis. What is important is that the data do not function only as numbers, but as a basis for their argument. The supporting texts usually offer interesting options that can be used throughout the writing.
Comparisons
This feature demonstrates his argumentative ability to select two different points of view and to establish relationships between them, both similar and opposite. You can use comparisons of data, political scenarios, governments, or economic models, for example.
Exemplification
Use tangible cases to elucidate your arguments. They may come to complement or even counteract data and comparisons, for example.
Counter-argumentation
Present a point of view and then deconstruct it with arguments based on information analysis or examples. The goal is to get the reader to see the misconceptions of the primary statement and come to agree with their considerations.
Development Tips
In short, development works to convince the reader that his thesis is based on sound and well-founded arguments. Therefore, it is important that you present cohesive data, propositions based on evidence and distant from “achismos”.
The argumentative-essay text needs informativeness, containing facts, data and references. Enem values the candidate who can give a multidisciplinary character to his text, connecting the arguments to scientific or philosophical theories, the laws of physics, principles of law; or any other theoretical basis of different disciplines.
Take care not to turn the dissertation into an information text only. As the name itself says, it is also argumentative. Thus, it is necessary for you to position yourself in relation to the data provided, being favorable or contrary to them.
Supporting texts
The supporting texts usually provided by the Enem exam, for example, are intended to give ideas about the subject. They may present different perspectives on the subject, in addition to data, statistics and opinions. It is common that they are presented also through cartoons and tables, for example.
It is important that you use the supporting texts as guides, often employing the data and statistics contained therein. However, to come up with a concrete and well-grounded thesis, you will need to use your personal repertoire and your world outlook. Taking full advantage of the discourse of the statements offered to build your point of view will make your writing poor and out of the question of analyzing your ability to use your own knowledge to defend ideas.
Your writing is free and you do not need to agree to supporting texts. It is always good to use them, but do not stick to them. Also, never copy sentences and data from the text. Each copied line will be discarded, which can cause a drastic decrease in your final grade.
Conclusion
The conclusion is the moment when you will tie all the ideas presented in order to reaffirm the thesis defended. In addition, it is in her that you present the proposal of intervention requested by exams like Enem.
It is important to understand that you should not just finish the text, but close the entire argumentative and logical cycle that started in the introduction. It is necessary for the reader to understand the discourse you have constructed and complete the essay with no doubts or questions about your ideas.
The ideal structure asks that the first lines be used to restate his thesis and the main arguments used to defend it. Here you will again affirm to the reader everything you set out to say throughout the essay. To start it you can use some connectives of conclusion like so, in short, soon and finally.
Proposed intervention
Enem asks that the text-argumentative-essay offer a proposal for intervention for the problem situation presented in the theme. It is a method of evaluating how the candidate can present practical and possible resolutions within society. For the construction of this part, we must answer three main questions: “who”, “what” and “how”!
Who
They are the agents that have some power to perform the most diverse actions. They can be governmental, like authorities and governments; media, such as television and radio; the family; the citizen; the Internet user; NGOs and any other society that can play an active role in solving the problem situation.
What
It is the proposal itself, presenting a plan of what must be done to address the issue. It is not suggested that you give vague solutions such as “you have to take care of the problem”, “you have to be aware”, “you have to take effective measures” and others to that effect. Get to the point and offer a more specific proposition.
As
The candidate elucidates how the intervention proposal will be given, which can be through public policies, media campaigns, changes in legislation, changes in daily habits and other actions.
General Tips
A few more tips are important to help you with the essay: when viewing the theme proposal, think of all your knowledge that can help in building a clear and objective thesis. Look at the supporting texts and see what you can get out of them to corroborate your propositions.
Then think about the structure of your text, dividing it correctly. It is indicated that for argumentative essays, such as the Enem, you divide them into introduction, development, and conclusion. A good average is to allocate 1 paragraph for the introduction, 2 or 3 for development and 1 for completion.
Your text needs to be completely constructed to take the reader to a structured thesis based on logical arguments and supported by information, data and references. In addition, you should be concerned with writing issues, paying attention to both internal and external coherence.
Internal coherence
It refers to the arrangement of the elements of the text in order to construct a cohesive and coherent discourse. The use of words and the organization of ideas must be in the same tune, to allow a clear and objective understanding of the reader.
External coherence
The essay needs to be in line with the reality of what is proposed. A dissertation text can not contain fanciful elements. Also, use the formal language appropriate to the required writing template.
Therefore, in order to write an essay that fits the molds of the Enem, the candidate must possess a rich command of the standard regiment of the Portuguese language, studying grammar and learning topics such as the use of correct nouns, adverbs, whys and verbal agreement.
Moreover, to have enough repertoire to formulate good theses, one must search for references of the most varied. Watch movies, read newspapers, look for news from trusted portals, read books, and be willing to see more of a perspective on the same subject. These are the best methods to prepare and ensure a good grade on the test!
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